Not so much archeological evidence about this kingdom can be used as material for the study of history . However, some historians begin to trace this bersumberkan kingdom of Pasai Kings saga , [ 2 ] and is associated with some of the king's tomb as well as the discovery of coins made of gold and silver with printed name of the king .
Sultanate of Samudera Pasai
The kingdom was established by Marah Silu , the title of Sultan Malik as - Salih , circa 1267 . Existence of this kingdom are also listed in the book of the ila l - Masyriq Rihlah ( Wandering to the East ) by Abu Abdullah ibn Batuthah ( 1304-1368 ) , the Moroccan traveler a stop to this country in 1345 . Sultanate Pasai Portugal finally collapsed after the attacks in 1521 .Initial formation
Based Hikayat Raja - raja Pasai , tells the story of the establishment of Pasai by Marah Silu , after he replaces a king named Sultan Malik al - Nasser . Marah Silu previously located in a region called the Semerlanga then ascended the throne after the title of Sultan Malik as - Salih , he died in 696 H or 1297 AD in the Hikayat Raja - raja Pasai Pasai name and Sulalatus Salatin and the ocean has been separated refer to two different areas , but in the Chinese records of the names are not distinguished at all . While on a tour of Marco Polo noted that there are several lists of kingdoms on the east coast of Sumatra island at that time , from the south to the north there is the name Ferlec ( Perlak ) , Basma , and Samara ( Ocean ) .Reign of Sultan Malik as - Salih was continued by his son Sultan Muhammad Malik az - Zahir of his marriage to the daughter of King Perlak . In the reign of Sultan Muhammad Malik az - Zahir , gold coins as currency has been introduced in Pasai , along with the development of Pasai became one trade area and where development of Islamic propaganda . Then around 1326 he died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Mahmud Malik az - Zahir and ruled until 1345 . During his tenure , he was visited by Ibn Batuthah , then told that the sovereign in the country Samatrah ( Ocean ) greeted with great hospitality , and its inhabitants adheres to the Shafi'i school of thought.
Furthermore, during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Malik az - Zahir son of Sultan Mahmud Malik az - Zahir , came from Majapahit attack between 1345 and 1350, and led to the Sultan of Pasai forced to flee the capital of the kingdom .
Relations and competition
Sultanate of Pasai back up under the leadership of Zain al - Abidin Sultan Malik az - Zahir in 1383 , and ruled until 1405 . Chronic In China it is also known by the name of Tsai - nu - li - a- pi - ki - ting , and mentioned he was killed by King Nakur . Furthermore government Pasai Sultanate followed by his wife Sultanah Nahrasiyah .Zheng He who led a fleet of around 208 ships visited Pasai in a row in 1405 , 1408 and 1412 . Based Zheng trip reports recorded by aides such as Ma Huan and Fei Xin . Geographically, the Sultanate of Pasai described as having boundaries with high mountains in the south and east , and if it continues to the east bordering the Kingdom of Aru , north to the sea , west bordering the two kingdoms , and Lide Nakur . Meanwhile, if it continues to the west met with royal Lambri ( Lamuri ) mentioned that time is 3 days and 3 nights of Pasai . During the visit, Zheng He also delivered a gift from the Emperor of China , bell Cakra Donya.
Approximately in 1434 the Sultan of Pasai sent his brother , known as Ha - li - zhi - han but died in Beijing . Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty Wang Jinhong to Pasai sent to deliver the news.
Government
The central government of the Sultanate of Pasai terletaknya between Krueng Jambo Aye ( Jambu river water ) with Krueng Pase ( Pasai River ) , North Aceh . According to ibn Batuthah who spent about two weeks in Pasai , mentioning that this kingdom has no bastion of stone , but has a wooden fence in the city , within a few kilometers from the port . In the core area of this kingdom there are mosques , and markets and is traversed by the river empties into the sea bargaining . Ma Huan added , although a large estuary but the waves surge and easily lead boat capsized . So that could mean naming Lhokseumawe bay where the water swirled with regard to this possibility .Contained in the term structure of government ministers , harbormaster and kadi . While children sultan both men and women dubbed by Tun , as well as several high-ranking royal . Pasai Sultanate has several subordinate kingdoms , and also holds the sovereign ruler .
In the reign of Sultan Muhammad Malik az - Zahir , United Perlak has become part of the sovereignty of Pasai , and he also placed one of his son , Sultan Mansur in the ocean . But in the time of Sultan Ahmad Malik az - Zahir , Ocean region has become an integral part of the name of Ocean Pasai Pasai who remain centered . In the reign of Sultan Zain al - Abidin Malik az - Zahir , Lide (Kingdom Pedir ) mentioned be subordinate kingdom of Pasai . Meanwhile Pasai also mentioned having a bad relationship with Nakur , this kingdom peak attack resulted in the Sultan Pasai Pasai and killed .
Economy
Pasai is a trading town , relying on pepper as its flagship commodity , Ma Huan mentioned in note 100 catty of pepper sold at a price of silver 1 Tahil . In the Sultanate of Pasai issued trading of gold coins as a means of transaction in society , this is called Deureuham currency ( dirhams ) is made of 70% pure gold with a weight of 0.60 grams , a diameter of 10 mm , 17 -carat quality .While people generally have Pasai plant rice in the fields , harvested two times a year , and have the dairy cow to produce cheese . While the population has an average height of 2.5 meters which is partitioned into several chambers , with a floor made of wooden planks coconut or nut wood arranged with rattan , and rattan mats spread on it or pandanus .